Conditions / Procedures

Haematuria

Haematuria is a common condition characterised by blood in the urine. Haematuria is usually categorised into macroscopic, where the urine is discoloured, and microscopic, where blood is found only on a dipstick or microscopic examination.

Hydrocele

The testes are formed in the abdomen and slowly descend into the scrotum through a narrow tube during foetal development in the womb. Non-closure of this tube causes fluids from the abdomen to drain into the scrotum. This leads to a hydrocele, the accumulation of fluid within the scrotum.

Hydronephrosis (Blocked Kidney)

Hydronephrosis is a condition in which one or both kidneys become swollen due to failure of the urine to drain from the kidney(s) to the bladder. This can occur due to either blockage or backflow of urine.

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer or renal cancer is a malignant disease of the kidney cells. Renal cell carcinoma affects the tubules of the kidneys and is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. Sometimes, young children develop a form of kidney cancer called Wilms’ tumour.

Urethral Cancer

Urine stored in the bladder passes outside the body through a tube called the urethra. It is a short tube that passes through the vagina in women, but is longer in men, running through the penis. Urethral cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the cells and glands lining the urethra. It is more common in women over the age of 60.

Simple Kidney Cysts

Cysts are abnormal fluid or semi-solid filled sacs that may arise in any tissue of the body, including the kidneys. They may be associated with serious conditions where they present as multiple cysts affecting kidney function but are usually seen as simple single cysts that are non-cancerous. Simple cysts are more common in men and usually develop with age.

Kidney Stones

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that help in the removal of wastes from the body. As the kidneys filter blood of impurities, minerals and acid salts can accumulate and harden over time. These solid crystalline deposits are called kidney stones and can form in one or both kidneys.

Bladder Stones

A bladder stone is a hard, crystallised mineral in your urine that forms in your bladder as a result of the concentration of urine. This usually occurs when you are unable to completely empty your bladder and urine stagnates.

Neurogenic Bladder

The bladder is a sac that stores urine. Strong muscles surrounding the bladder opening keeps it closed until you experience an urge to urinate. The emptying of the bladder is controlled by nerves. When the bladder fills, nerves send a message to the brain, which in turn signals the bladder muscles to relax and store urine. Neurogenic bladder is characterised by poor bladder storage and emptying due to nerve damage, causing problems either in sending and receiving signals from the brain.

Overactive Bladder

The function of the bladder is to store urine that is produced by the kidneys. A normal bladder is highly compliant and able to store up to 500 ml of urine. Overactive bladder is a problem with bladder storage that causes a sudden urge to urinate due to an involuntary contraction of the bladder muscle. The urge may be difficult to control voluntarily, and overactive bladder may lead to the involuntary loss of urine (incontinence). Overactive bladder is also associated needing to urinate often during the day and at night.

Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is loss of normal control of the bladder and involuntary loss of urine. For many people with urinary incontinence it is an embarrassment. Urinary incontinence in some individuals may be a normal part of growth and disappears naturally over time.

Chronic Pelvic Pain

Chronic pelvic pain is constant pain felt in the lower abdominal region and the pain may persist for longer duration, for more than six months.

Haematospermia (blood in semen)

Haematospermia is the presence of blood in the semen. Although it can be alarming to see red, pink or brown discolouration in the ejaculate, it is often caused by a benign and temporary condition, particularly in younger men.

Testicular Pain

Testicular pain refers to discomfort or pain affecting one or both testicles. The pain may develop suddenly or gradually and can range from a mild ache to severe, intense pain.

Bladder Pain

Bladder pain is discomfort, pressure or aching felt in the lower abdomen or pelvis that originates from the bladder or surrounding urinary tract. The pain may occur when the bladder is full, during urination, after emptying the bladder, or persist throughout the day.

Urethral Pain

Urethral pain is discomfort, burning or irritation felt along the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The pain may occur during urination, between visits to the toilet, or during sexual activity.

Urological Cancers

Urological cancers are a group of cancers that affect the organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. These include cancers of the prostate, bladder, kidneys, testes, penis, and upper urinary tract.

Bladder Outflow Obstruction

Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) occurs when the normal flow of urine from the bladder is partially or completely blocked. It is a common urological condition that can affect both men and women, although it is most frequently seen in men due to enlargement of the prostate gland.

Phimosis

Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the head of the penis. While this is a normal finding in young boys, persistent or acquired phimosis in adolescents and adults may cause discomfort, hygiene difficulties, infections, and problems during urination or sexual activity.

Urinary Catheter Care

A urinary catheter is a flexible tube used to drain urine from the bladder when a person is unable to empty it naturally or when careful monitoring of urine output is required. Although urinary catheters are commonly used following surgery or for certain medical conditions, proper care is essential to reduce the risk of infection, blockage, and other complications.

Urinary Stones

Urinary stones, also known as urinary tract stones or calculi, are hard deposits that form when minerals and salts crystallise within the urinary system. Stones may develop in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or, less commonly, the urethra.

Pelvic Cancer

Pelvic cancer is a broad term used to describe cancers that develop within the organs and structures of the pelvis. In urological practice, this most commonly includes cancers of the bladder, prostate, kidneys, ureters, urethra, and nearby lymph nodes.

Robotic radical prostatectomy

Robotic radical prostatectomy is a minimally invasive approach to surgically remove the prostate gland. The prostate along with the seminal vesicles are removed in total. The urethral stump is then sutured to the neck of the bladder to restore continuity of the urinary tract.

Open radical prostatectomy

Open radical prostatectomy is a surgery performed to remove the prostate gland in order to treat prostate cancer. The procedure is used for cancers contained within the prostate (localized cancer).

Prostate biopsy

A prostate biopsy involves the removal of small samples of suspicious tissues from the prostate.

Fusion biopsy

MRI/US fusion technology allows the abnormalities on MRI images to be overlaid on live transrectal ultrasound images during prostate biopsy. This allows accurate targeting of MRI detected suspicious lesions rather than random biopsies of the entire prostate.

Bladder tumour surgery

Blood in the urine, painful and frequent urination, and low back pain are common urinary disorder symptoms and may be associated with bladder cancer. When you visit the clinic with these complaints, your doctor will order imaging tests to identify any growths or abnormalities in the bladder.

Laser surgery – stones and prostate

Kidney stones may develop due to crystallisation of certain components in urine. Some stones are small enough to pass out with the flow of urine, while large stones can lodge in some part of the urinary tract, blocking the passage of urine. This can lead to severe abdominal, lower back or groin pain, infection and kidney damage. Large kidney stones may be treated by breaking the stones into smaller fragments, so that they can easily pass out through the urine. This may be accomplished through minimally invasive surgery with the help of a laser.

Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of some or the entire foreskin covering the head or glans (rounded tip) of the penis. The procedure is performed for cultural or religious reasons, or for health reasons. It is a safe surgical procedure performed using an aseptic (sterile) technique.

Hydrocele Surgery

A hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid around the testicles causing the scrotum to swell. This is caused due to non-closure of the tube through which the testicles descend into the scrotum. Non-closure of the tube leads to accumulation of fluid in the scrotum. Inflammation or injury of the testicles, or blockage within the spermatic cord by fluid or blood may also cause hydrocele.

Lithotripsy

Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that can develop in the kidneys. Lithotripsy, often referred to as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), is the most common procedure for the management of kidney stones (renal lithiasis). It uses shock waves to break up stones that form in the kidney, bladder or ureter, enabling easy passage of the fragments out of the body within the urine.

Stone Surgery

Stones are one of the most common and most painful disorders of the urinary tract. A stone is a hard crystalline mineral material that forms within the kidney or urinary tract.

Pelvic Exenteration

Pelvic exenteration is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the bladder and/or part of the lower bowel along with internal reproductive organs to treat advanced or recurrent cancers.

Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery

Pelvic and perineal reconstruction procedures are performed to restore the normal structure and function of the urinary and genital organs (pelvic), and the surrounding area (perineal) that may be diseased due to infection, birth deformities, trauma or cancer.

Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy is a procedure that involves the use of a thin, long tube called a ureteroscope, to examine, diagnose and treat urinary tract problems. The ureteroscope is most commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones but is also indicated for the treatment of various conditions such as frequent urinary tract infections, urinary blockage, haematuria (blood in the urine), unusual cell growth or tumour in the ureters (urine tubes). Ureteroscopes may be flexible, or rigid and firm.

Vasectomy

Vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure in which the vas deferens, thin tubes that store and transport sperm, is cut and sealed so that the sperm can no longer enter the body through the vas. It is a permanent method of birth control in men and prevents the release of sperm when a man ejaculates.

UroLift

UroLift is a new minimally invasive operation for treatment of symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) in men.

Orchidectomy

The testicles are male sex organs located in a sac of skin called the scrotum, which hang below the base of the penis. They produce testosterone (male hormones) and sperm. They are suspended by spermatic cords, which are supplied by a network of nerves and blood vessels and form the first section for the passage of sperm after ejaculation. A testicle that is severely injured or has a tumour is usually removed by a surgical procedure known as a radical orchiectomy, in which the entire testicle along with its spermatic cord is removed.

Orchidopexy

Orchidopexy is a surgery to lower the undescended testicle into the scrotum. Testicles develop in the abdomen and slowly move down into the scrotum (sac below the penis). Undescended testicle is a condition in which the testicles remain in the abdomen at birth and do not descend into the scrotum. Most often, the testicle(s) resume their normal position in the scrotum three to six months after birth, but those that do not descend require surgical treatment within 2 years of age.

Transrectal Prostate Scan

Ultrasound scans use sound waves that build a picture of the structures inside the body. To scan the prostate gland, a small probe is passed through the anal opening, which takes images of the prostate. This type of scan is used to measure the size and density of the gland. A sample of cells (biopsy) can be taken at the same time for examination under the microscope by a pathologist. The scan may be uncomfortable, but it only takes a few minutes.

Ureteric Stenting

Ureteral stents are used to allow urine flow around a urinary obstruction and following stone removal surgery to facilitate healing and avoid the swelling of the ureter.

Bladder Stone Removal (cystolitholapaxy)

Transurethral cystolitholapaxy is a procedure performed to break down and remove bladder stones. The surgery is performed under local or general anaesthesia. During the procedure, you may be given antibiotics to prevent the risk of infection. Your doctor inserts a cystoscope (a small tube with a camera at the end) into the urethra and advances it into the bladder.

Laser Lithotripsy

Laser Lithotripsy is a procedure that uses Laser to break up stones in the kidney, bladder, or the ureter.

Cystolitholapaxy (for Bladder Stones)

Transurethral cystolitholapaxy is a procedure performed to break down and remove bladder stones.

Rigid Cystoscopy, Biopsy and Diathermy

Cystoscopy is a procedure performed to investigate the ureters, bladder and urethra (urinary system). A cystoscope, a flexible lighted tube, helps identify abnormal changes in the normal smooth pink lining of the bladder and urethra as well as identify tumours, bladder stones, and areas of narrowing, blockage or injury.

Bladder Botox Injection

Botox injection is used to treat urinary incontinence. Botox is a drug derived from a bacterium that paralyzes your muscles temporarily. When injected, it helps in relaxing the urinary bladder muscles.

Partial Cystectomy

Cystectomy is the surgical removal of the bladder, and a standard procedure to treat invasive bladder cancer. A partial cystectomy is a surgery performed to remove only a portion of the bladder, while the rest of the bladder functions normally. It is indicated when bladder cancer is superficial or has minimally invaded the muscle layer.

Bladder Augmentation (Ileal or Ileocaecal)

Augmentation is a procedure used to enlarge the bladder, lower the pressure created inside the bladder or enhance its ability to stretch in order to accommodate the complete volume of urine produced.

Simple Ureteric Reimplantation

Ureters are two narrow tubes that empty urine formed in the kidneys into the bladder, where it is temporarily stored before being released to the outside through the urethra. Injury or obstructions in the ureters can cause the backflow of urine into the kidneys (vesicoureteral reflux) and lead to urinary tract infections or kidney damage.

Varicocelectomy

Varicocelectomy is a surgical procedure indicated for the treatment of infertility in men. Varicoceles are abnormal enlargements of the veins in the scrotum. It is commonly found in adolescent boys in puberty, and occurs mostly around the left testicle, but can also occur on both sides.

Ureteric Injury Management

Ureteric injury management refers to the diagnosis and treatment of damage to one or both ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Although uncommon, ureteric injuries most often occur as a complication of pelvic or abdominal surgery, trauma, or, less frequently, severe inflammation or cancer.

Penile Fracture Repair

Penile fracture repair is an emergency surgical procedure performed to treat a penile fracture, which occurs when the tough fibrous covering of the erectile tissue, known as the tunica albuginea, tears during an erection.

Epidydimal Cyst Excision

Epididymal cyst excision is a surgical procedure to remove a cyst that has developed within the epididymis, the coiled tube located behind the testicle where sperm mature and are stored. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs and are usually benign.

Frenuloplasty

A frenuloplasty is a minor surgical procedure performed to lengthen or release the frenulum, the small band of tissue connecting the underside of the penis to the foreskin.

Preputioplasty

A preputioplasty is a foreskin-preserving surgical procedure used to treat phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be comfortably retracted over the head of the penis.

Bladder Instillations

Bladder instillations are treatments in which medication is delivered directly into the bladder through a thin urinary catheter. By placing the medication directly where it is needed, bladder instillations can treat conditions affecting the bladder lining while reducing exposure to the rest of the body.

Suprapubic Catheter Placement

Suprapubic catheter placement is a procedure used to insert a urinary catheter directly into the bladder through a small opening in the lower abdomen, just above the pubic bone.

Prostate Multiparametric MRI

A prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is an advanced imaging scan that provides detailed pictures of the prostate gland. It combines multiple MRI techniques to assess the size, structure, and blood flow within the prostate, helping identify areas that may be suspicious for clinically significant prostate cancer.

Catheter Changes

Catheter changes are routine procedures in which an existing urinary catheter is removed and replaced with a new sterile catheter to ensure safe and effective bladder drainage.

Urethrectomy

A urethrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In men, the urethra also carries semen during ejaculation.

Radical Cystectomy

Anterior exenteration or radical cystectomy is a major surgical procedure employed for the treatment of cancers of the anterior pelvic organs such as the reproductive organs and urinary bladder present in the front part of the pelvis.

Simple Cystectomy

Cystectomy is the surgical excision of an ovarian cyst. Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries.

Bladder Neck Incision

A bladder neck incision (BNI), also known as a transurethral incision of the bladder neck (TUIBN), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat bladder outlet obstruction caused by a tight or narrowed bladder neck.

Testicular Implants

Testicular implants are prosthetic devices designed to restore the appearance and feel of a testicle after a testicle has been removed or has not developed normally.

Bladder Cancer Surveillance

Bladder cancer surveillance refers to the ongoing monitoring and follow-up process used to detect whether bladder cancer has returned or progressed after initial treatment.

Anterior exenteration

An anterior exenteration is a major pelvic surgery performed to remove the bladder and nearby organs affected by advanced cancer. It is most commonly used as a treatment for locally advanced bladder cancer that has spread into surrounding pelvic structures but remains potentially treatable with surgery.

Testicular Prosthesis Insertion

Testicular prosthesis insertion is a surgical procedure that places an artificial testicle inside the scrotum to restore the appearance and feel of a natural testicle after testicular loss or absence.

Testicular Biopsy

A testicular biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from one or both testicles and examined under a microscope. It is most commonly performed to investigate problems with sperm production and to help determine the cause of male infertility when other tests have not provided a clear diagnosis.

Cremasteric Myotomy (For Retractile Testes)

A cremasteric myotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat a retractile testis when excessive contraction of the cremaster muscle causes the testicle to repeatedly move upwards out of the scrotum.

Excision of Spermatocele (Post Vasectomy)

A spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops within the epididymis, the small coiled tube located behind the testicle where sperm mature and are stored. While many spermatoceles are painless and do not require treatment, some can become enlarged or uncomfortable and may affect quality of life.

Upper Tract Endourology

Upper tract endourology is a specialised area of urology that uses minimally invasive techniques to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys and ureters.

Excision of Epididymal cyst

An excision of an epididymal cyst is a surgical procedure to remove a fluid-filled sac that develops within the epididymis, the coiled tube located behind the testicle that stores and transports sperm.

Bladder Hydrodistention

Bladder hydrodistention is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in which the bladder is gently stretched by filling it with sterile fluid under controlled pressure while the patient is under anaesthesia.

Scrotal and Genital Surgery

Scrotal and genital surgery refers to a range of surgical procedures performed to diagnose, treat or reconstruct conditions affecting the scrotum, penis and surrounding genital structures.

Open Radical Cystoprostatectomy & Urethrectomy

Open radical cystoprostatectomy and urethrectomy is a major surgical procedure performed to treat certain cancers affecting the bladder, prostate and urethra. During the operation, the surgeon removes the entire bladder, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and the urethra through an open abdominal incision.

Anterior Exenteration or Radical Cystectomy

Anterior exenteration or radical cystectomy is a major surgical procedure performed to treat invasive or high-risk cancers of the bladder. In women, an anterior exenteration involves removing the bladder along with nearby organs that may include the urethra, uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes and part of the vagina, depending on the extent of the disease.